![]() ![]() ![]() The power consumption for EM wave emission is usually less than 1 mW, which can be easily achieved by typical body motion energies as harvested by the TENG ( 30), making the device fully self-powered. Since both the mechanical energy and motion signals can be effectively captured by TENG simultaneously ( 27– 29), no additional modules for power and sensing are needed. A potential method may be through the emerging triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology ( 22), which brings the additional displacement current term ∂ P S/∂ t to trigger the wireless signal generation and transmission, where P S is the polarization term brought by the TENG ( 23– 26). To breakthrough this bottleneck, it is required to explore alternative strategies for wireless sensing, which may achieve the all-in-one unit by comprehensively containing functions of the power source and management, sensing, modulation, and transmission. Therefore, batteries or cables are used to supply the required power, which brings inconveniences in implementation and maintenance and raises issues of sustainability and environment ( 17– 21). Second, the total energy consumption of these electronic components is usually large, approaching milliwatt level and even watt level ( 15, 16). Although stretchable and flexible electronics have been developed to address the soft-rigid interface issues, most of them are still composed of intrinsically rigid devices, inducing inconveniences and limiting the application scenarios such as e-skins and implantable medical devices. 1A (I), the current wireless system includes modules for signal generation, power source and management, signal modulation, and transmission, with rigid and bulky electronic components ( 8– 14). Although the wireless transmission technology has been implemented and used for over one century, its further development suffers from following challenges. For instance, current robotics for intelligent applications are still suffering from wiring cables with huge complexity and restricted mobility, bringing great inconvenience and obstacles in design, motion control, and maintenance ( 5– 7). For unleashing the great potential of IoT in different scopes, wireless sensing and transmission based on electromagnetic (EM) waves is highly demanded as a core technology ( 3, 4). Toward the realization of the fourth Industrial Revolution, Internet of Things (IoT) that landed in the first decade of 21st century have been increasing its stupendous ability in many areas, such as to guarantee hospital supply chains in a smart way during this coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic ( 1, 2). This work proposes a solution for flexible self-powered wireless sensing platforms, which shows great potential for implantable and wearable electronics, robotics, health care, infrastructure monitoring, human-machine interface, virtual reality, etc. Furthermore, SWISEs have functions of multipoint motion sensing and gas detection in fully self-powered manner. Through that, we can combine the abovementioned functional modules in a single unit of self-powered wireless sensing e-sticker (SWISE), which features a small size (down to 9 mm by 9 mm) and long effective transmission distance (>30 m) when compared to existing wireless sensing technologies. Here, we proposed a paradigm shift wireless sensing solution based on the breakdown discharge–induced displacement current. Traditional wireless sensing and transmission technology still requires multiple modules for sensing, signal modulation, transmission, and power, making the whole system bulky, rigid, and costly. The rapid development of the Internet of Things depends on wireless devices and their network. ![]()
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